Style Guides
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Chicago Manual of Style (17th Edition)Call Number: Ready Ref Z253 .U69 2017ISBN: 9780226287058Publication Date: 2017-09-05Availability and more information from Catalyst...
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Chicago Style Citation Quick GuideA handy set of examples of the various citation types, compiled and published by the Chicago Manual of Style.
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A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations by Call Number: Ready Ref LB 2369 .T8 2013ISBN: 9780226816371Publication Date: 2013Availability and more information from Catalyst...
Examples: Citing Common Publication Types
There are two versions of Chicago Style:
- "Notes and bibliography" (Chapter 14): footnotes (N) and bibliography (B); used more in humanities
- "Author-date" (Chapter 15): parenthetical citations and Reference List; used more in the social sciences
In the examples below, we show how to cite a source in a footnote (N), accompanying bibliography (B). Your bibliography should be alphabetized by author last name. For works that do not have an author, alphabetize by item title (omitting articles like "a" or "the"). Your bibliography should also be formatted using Hanging Indents.
In this guide:
Books
(N) 1. FirstName LastName, Title of work (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), PageNumbers.
(B) Lastname, Firstname. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year.
example:
(N) 1. A. B. Jones, My Book for Citation (Minneapolis: Good Books Press, 2014), 78-79.
(B) Jones, A. B. My Book for Citation. Minneapolis: Good Books Press, 2014.
Book chapters
(N) 1. FirstName LastName, "Title of Chapter," in Title of Book, ed. EditorFirstName EditorLastName. (Place: Publisher, Year), PageNumber.
(B) LastName, FirstName. "Title of Chapter." In Title of Book, edited by EditorFirstName EditorLastName, PageNumberSpan. Place: Publisher, Year.
example:
(N) 1. John D. Kelly, “Seeing Red: Mao Fetishism, Pax Americana, and the Moral Economy of War,” in Anthropology and Global Counterinsurgency, ed. John D. Kelly et al. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010), 77.
(B) Kelly, John D. “Seeing Red: Mao Fetishism, Pax Americana, and the Moral Economy of War.” In Anthropology and Global Counterinsurgency, edited by John D. Kelly, Beatrice Jauregui, Sean T. Mitchell, and Jeremy Walton, 67–83. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.
Periodicals (journals, magazines)
Watch a video about citing journal articles using Chicago
(N) 1. Firstname A. Lastname and Firstname B. Lastname, "Title of Article," Title of Periodical xx, no.x (Year): pp-pp, URL/doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx.
(B) Lastname, Firstname A., Firstname B. Lastname, and Firstname C. Lastname. "Title of Article." Title of periodical xx, no.x (Year): pp-pp. URL/doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx.
example:
(N) 1. Jamie A. Smith, Arnold B. Miller, and Jose P. Rodriguez, "I Love Citation," All About Citation 21, no.1 (2012): 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1086/######.
(B) Smith, Jamie A., Arnold B. Miller, and Jose P. Rodriguez. "I Love Citation." All About Citation 21, no.1 (2012): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1086/######.
See 14.10: Short forms for URLs for help with long, weird URLs
Newspaper Article
example:
(N) 1. David G. Savage, “Stanford Student Goes to Supreme Court to Fight for Her Moms,” Los Angeles Times, April 27, 2015, Nation, http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-gay-marriage-children-20150424-story.html.
(B) Newspapers are more commonly cited in notes or parenthetical references than in bibliographies.
(B) An example from the Carleton History Department on how to cite a newspaper in a bibliography
Work in a Series
(N) 1. Muriel St. Clare Byrne, ed., The Lisle Letters (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), 4:243.
(B) Byrne, Muriel St. Clare, ed. The Lisle Letters. 6 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
Informally or Unpublished Reports
(N) 1. Firstname Lastname, "Title" (source type, location, year), page numbers, link if available.
(B) Lastname, Firstname. "Title." source type, location, year, link if available.
example:
(N) 1. John Smith, "Apple of the Eye" (Senior thesis, Carleton College, 2016), 17-23.
(B) Smith, John. "Apple of the Eye." Senior thesis, Carleton College, 2016.
Web Pages
Watch a video about citing websites and social media using Chicago
On website, and On dates: Include a publication date or date of revision or modification if possible; else, access date.
(N) Firstname Lastname, "Page Title," Website Title, last modified/accessed/updated date, URL.
(B) Lastname, Firstname. "Page Title." Website Title. Date. URL.
example:
(N) 1. “Balkan Romani,” Endangered Languages, Alliance for Linguistic Diversity, accessed September 2, 2022, https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/5342.
(B) "Balkan Romani." Endangered Languages, Alliance for Linguistic Diversity. Accessed September 2, 2022. https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/5342.
You may also choose to cite to the Internet Archive instead of the live website. For example:
(N2) 1. “Balkan Romani,” Endangered Languages, Alliance for Linguistic Diversity, accessed September 2, 2022, https://web.archive.org/web/20220822122125/https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/5342.
See 14.207: Citing web pages and websites for other options.
Images and Art
If citing images found in published works or online collections, cite them similarly to book chapters, articles, or web pages within website, with the artist in the author position and the image title in the chapter title, article title, or webpage title position.
If citing images or art that stand alone:
(N) 1. Michelangelo Buonarroti, The Slave, 1513-15, marble, 2.09 m., Paris, The Louvre.
(B) Buonarroti, Michelangelo. The Slave, 1513-15. Marble, 2.09 m. Paris, The Louvre.
See also: Best practices for Creative Commons attribution
Data Sets & DH Projects
(N) 1. Creator, Title (Place: Publisher, Year), link.
(B) Creator. Title. Place: Publisher, Year. link.
example:
(N) 1. The World Bank. Washington Development Indicators. (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 2012). http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators.
(B) The World Bank. World Development Indicators. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 2012. http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators.
Example of how to cite different parts of a digital humanities project
Films, Videos, or DVDs
(N) 1. Firstname Lastname of Writer, Title, Directed by Firstname Lastname (Place: Studio, Year), format.
(B) Lastname, Firstname. Title. Directed/Performed by Firstname Lastname. Place: Studio, Year. Format.
example:
(N) 1. John Wong, Cool People at the Libe, Directed by Cat Toff (Northfield: Gould Libe, 1999). DVD.
(B) Wong, John. Cool People at the Libe. Directed by Cat Toff. Northfield: Gould Libe, 1999. DVD.
Primary Sources in a Republished Source
When possible, always find and cite the original. If this is absolutely impossible, you may need to cite a primary source that is republished in a secondary source.
Follow whatever citation rules apply to your specific item type; for instance, because this example is a newspaper article, there's only a short bibliography entry. If this were a different item type, the bibliography entry might look different.
(N) 1. [Complete citation for the older/original item; see Archival Citations or above for help], quoted in [Complete citation for newer/secondary source; see above for help], page #, URL/doi.
(B) [Complete citation for the older/original item; see Archival Citations or above for help], quoted in [Complete citation for newer/secondary source; see above for help]. URL/doi.
example:
(N) 1. Itthi, "Love Problems of the Third Sex -- Solved by Go Pakhnam" [in Thai], Plaek, July 7, 1976, quoted in Peter A. Jackson, First Queer Voices from Thailand: Uncle Go’s Advice Columns for Gays, Lesbians and Kathoeys (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2016), 196-197, https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1bj4sqf.
(B) Plaek. July 7, 1976. Quoted in Peter A. Jackson. First Queer Voices from Thailand: Uncle Go’s Advice Columns for Gays, Lesbians and Kathoeys. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2016. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1bj4sqf.
There are two versions of Chicago Style: "notes and bibliography" and "author-date" style. The "Notes" style uses footnotes and sometimes a Bibliography, and is typically used in the humanities. "Author-Date" uses in-text parenthetical citations plus a Reference List, and is more typically used in the social sciences.
In the paranthetical citation, you will put the author's last name followed by the publication year, comma, page number. For example (Smith 2017, 214).
In the examples below, we show how to cite a source in a Reference List.
Books
Lastname, Firstname. Year. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher.
example:
Jones, A.B. 2014. My Book for Citation. Minneapolis: Good Books Press.
Book chapters
LastName, FirstName. Year. "Title of Chapter." In Title of Book. edited by EditorFirstName EditorLastName, PageNumberSpan. Place: Publisher.
example:
(R) Kelly, John D. 2010. “Seeing Red: Mao Fetishism, Pax Americana, and the Moral Economy of War.” In Anthropology and Global Counterinsurgency, edited by John D. Kelly, Beatrice Jauregui, Sean T. Mitchell, and Jeremy Walton, 67–83. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Periodicals (newspapers, journals, magazines)
Lastname, Firstname A., Firstname B. Lastname, and Firstname C. Lastname. Year. "Title of Article." Title of Periodical xx (no. x): pp-pp.
example:
Smith, Jamie A., Arnold B. Miller, and Jose P. Rodriguez. 2012. "I Love Citation." All About Citation 21 (1): 1-10.
Informally or Unpublished Reports
Lastname, Firstname. Year. "Title." source type, location. link if available.
example:
Smith, John. 2016. "Apple of the Eye." Senior thesis, Carleton College.
Images and Art
If citing images found in published works or online collections, cite them similarly to book chapters, articles, or web pages within website, with the artist in the author position and the image title in the chapter title, article title, or webpage title position.
If citing images or art that stand alone:
Buonarroti, Michelangelo. 1513-15. The Slave. Marble, 2.09 m. Paris, The Louvre.
Data Sets
Creator. Year. Title. Place: Publisher. link
Example:
The World Bank. 2012. World Development Indicators. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators.
Video/DVD
Lastname, Firstname. Year. Title. Performed by Firstname Lastname. Place: Studio. Format.
example:
Wong, John. 1999. Cool People at the Libe. Directed by Cat Toff. Northfield: Gould Libe. DVD.
What does an Annotated Bibliography look like?
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Chicago Manual of Style annoted bibliography exampleRemember that your annotated bibliographies are not simply lists. They are creative, rhetorical devices that map out the scholarly conversation on a topic.
